From fea7ac8281dfec26f6d4f5894a4c05b41708c26d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Miguel Date: Thu, 3 Jul 2025 11:22:03 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] vault backup: 2025-07-03 11:22:02 --- .../obsidian-mindmap-nextgen/data.json | 3 - .../plugins/recent-files-obsidian/data.json | 72 +++--- .obsidian/workspace.json | 83 ++----- .../Zerotier VPN con VPS en Buenos Aires.md | 211 ++++++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 265 insertions(+), 104 deletions(-) create mode 100644 01-Documentation/Routers/Mikrotik - Network Redes/Zerotier VPN con VPS en Buenos Aires.md diff --git a/.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-mindmap-nextgen/data.json b/.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-mindmap-nextgen/data.json index 41f4552..c4d3108 100644 --- a/.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-mindmap-nextgen/data.json +++ b/.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-mindmap-nextgen/data.json @@ -1,9 +1,6 @@ { "version": "2.0", "layout": [ - null, - null, - null, null ], "settings": { diff --git a/.obsidian/plugins/recent-files-obsidian/data.json b/.obsidian/plugins/recent-files-obsidian/data.json index d597493..f15468e 100644 --- a/.obsidian/plugins/recent-files-obsidian/data.json +++ b/.obsidian/plugins/recent-files-obsidian/data.json @@ -1,9 +1,45 @@ { "recentFiles": [ + { + "basename": "Especifica General", + "path": "03-VM/44 - 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Network Redes/Backups - Mikrotik.md", + "01-Documentation/AI - IA - LLM - Artificial Intelligence/MCP.md", + "01-Documentation/Routers/Mikrotik - Network Redes/Zerotier VPN con VPS en Buenos Aires.md", + "01-Documentation/Routers/Mikrotik - Network Redes/Mikrotik - Zerotier - zero_work network.md", + "TEMP/Resumo geral.md", + "01-Documentation/AI - IA - LLM - Artificial Intelligence/AI Prompts useful.md", "DB/Shortcuts/Shortcuts.md", "03-VM/44 - 98050 - Fiera/Especifica/AccumulationTable - It.md", "07 - Desarrolo de Proyectos - Scripts - Visual Studio/Proyectos Visual Studio/Aplicaciones y Librerias.md", @@ -287,12 +245,7 @@ "03-VM/44 - 98050 - Fiera/Especifica/98050_Hardware PEW - PAW.md", "03-VM/44 - 98050 - Fiera/Especifica/Especifica General.md", "01-Documentation/SIDEL/SIDEL - Passwords.md", - "03-VM/44 - 98050 - Fiera/Especifica/Layout - Anello-Ring.md", - "TEMP/Drawing 2025-06-21 12.09.15.excalidraw.md", - "04-SIDEL/00 - MASTER/MIXER/IO/Master_Tags Explained.md", "TEMP", - "04-SIDEL/00 - MASTER/MIXER/IO/SIDEL - Mixer - Master - IO Tags.md", - "04-SIDEL/00 - MASTER/MIXER/IO/Default IO for Analog.md", "04-SIDEL/13 - E5.007560 - Modifica O&U - SAE235/adjuntos/Pasted image 20250619173806.png", "04-SIDEL/13 - E5.007560 - Modifica O&U - SAE235/adjuntos/Pasted image 20250619165534.png", "04-SIDEL/13 - E5.007560 - Modifica O&U - SAE235/adjuntos", diff --git a/01-Documentation/Routers/Mikrotik - Network Redes/Zerotier VPN con VPS en Buenos Aires.md b/01-Documentation/Routers/Mikrotik - Network Redes/Zerotier VPN con VPS en Buenos Aires.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..98d58a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/01-Documentation/Routers/Mikrotik - Network Redes/Zerotier VPN con VPS en Buenos Aires.md @@ -0,0 +1,211 @@ + +# Guía Completa: Configurar VPN con ZeroTier en VPS Ubuntu 22.04 + +## Paso 1: Preparación Inicial del VPS + +### 1.1 Crear Usuario (Opcional pero Recomendado) + +```bash +# Si estás usando root, crear usuario regular +adduser zero # (o el nombre que prefieras) +usermod -aG sudo zero +mkdir -p /home/zero/.ssh +cp /root/.ssh/authorized_keys /home/zero/.ssh/ +chown -R zero:zero /home/zero/.ssh +chmod 700 /home/zero/.ssh +chmod 600 /home/zero/.ssh/authorized_keys + +# Cambiar al nuevo usuario +su - zero +``` + +### 1.2 Actualizar Sistema + +```bash +sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y +``` + +### 1.3 Instalar Herramientas Necesarias + +```bash +sudo apt install iptables iptables-persistent curl -y +``` + +## Paso 2: Instalación y Configuración de ZeroTier + +### 2.1 Instalar ZeroTier + +```bash +# Instalar ZeroTier +curl -s https://install.zerotier.com | sudo bash + +# Verificar instalación +sudo zerotier-cli info +``` + +### 2.2 Unirse a la Red ZeroTier + +```bash +# Reemplazar NETWORK_ID con tu ID real +sudo zerotier-cli join b6079f73c60af212 + +# Verificar estado +sudo zerotier-cli listnetworks +``` + +### 2.3 Autorizar en ZeroTier Central + +1. Ir a **my.zerotier.com** +2. Entrar a tu red +3. En "Members", marcar **"Auth"** para el VPS +4. Asignar nombre descriptivo: "VPS-Buenos-Aires" + +## Paso 3: Configurar VPS como Gateway VPN + +### 3.1 Identificar Interfaces de Red + +```bash +# Ver todas las interfaces +ip addr show + +# Identificar: +# - Interfaz ZeroTier: ztyxazlaou (ejemplo) +# - Interfaz pública: eth1 (en este caso) +# - IP ZeroTier asignada: 172.25.177.175 (ejemplo) +``` + +### 3.2 Habilitar IP Forwarding + +```bash +# Verificar estado actual +cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward + +# Habilitar permanentemente +echo 'net.ipv4.ip_forward=1' | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf +sudo sysctl -p +``` + +### 3.3 Configurar Reglas de iptables + +```bash +# IMPORTANTE: Usar la interfaz pública correcta (eth1 en nuestro caso) +sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE +sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i ztyxazlaou -o eth1 -j ACCEPT +sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o ztyxazlaou -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT + +# Guardar reglas permanentemente +sudo netfilter-persistent save +``` + +## Paso 4: Configurar Rutas en ZeroTier Central + +### 4.1 Configuración en my.zerotier.com + +1. Ir a **my.zerotier.com** +2. Seleccionar tu red "Casa Parma" +3. Ir a sección **"Advanced"** +4. En **"Managed Routes"** agregar: + - **Destination**: `0.0.0.0/0` + - **Via**: `172.25.177.175` (IP ZeroTier del VPS) +5. Guardar cambios + +## Paso 5: Configuración de Clientes + +### 5.1 En PC Windows + +```cmd +# Agregar ruta temporal (se pierde al reiniciar) +route add 0.0.0.0 mask 0.0.0.0 172.25.177.175 metric 1 + +# Para hacerlo permanente +route -p add 0.0.0.0 mask 0.0.0.0 172.25.177.175 metric 1 +``` + +### 5.2 En Router MikroTik + +```bash +/ip route add dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 gateway=172.25.177.175 distance=1 +``` + +### 5.3 En Linux/Mac + +```bash +# Temporal +sudo route add default gw 172.25.177.175 + +# Permanente (varía según distribución) +``` + +## Paso 6: Verificación y Pruebas + +### 6.1 Verificar en el VPS + +```bash +# Estado de ZeroTier +sudo zerotier-cli listnetworks + +# Ver tráfico pasando +sudo tcpdump -i ztyxazlaou + +# Verificar reglas iptables +sudo iptables -t nat -L +sudo iptables -L FORWARD +``` + +### 6.2 Probar desde Cliente + +```bash +# Verificar conectividad al VPS +ping 172.25.177.175 + +# Verificar IP pública (debe mostrar IP del VPS) +curl ifconfig.me +# Debe devolver: 154.205.154.182 (IP pública del VPS) +``` + +## Paso 7: Solución de Problemas Comunes + +### 7.1 Error de Hostname en sudo + +```bash +# Editar hosts +sudo nano /etc/hosts +# Agregar: 127.0.0.1 nombre_del_host localhost +``` + +### 7.2 ZeroTier no conecta + +```bash +# Reiniciar servicio +sudo systemctl restart zerotier-one +sudo systemctl status zerotier-one +``` + +### 7.3 Verificar Firewall + +```bash +# Ubuntu con ufw +sudo ufw status +sudo ufw allow 9993/udp # Puerto ZeroTier +``` + +## Datos de tu Configuración Específica + +- **Network ID**: `b6079f73c60af212` +- **Nombre de Red**: Casa Parma +- **IP VPS ZeroTier**: `172.25.177.175` +- **Interfaz ZeroTier**: `ztyxazlaou` +- **IP Pública VPS**: `154.205.154.182` +- **Interfaz Pública**: `eth1` + + + +```bash +/ip firewall address-list add address=192.168.88.0/24 list=local-networks +/ip firewall address-list add address=192.168.1.0/24 list=local-networks +/ip firewall address-list add address=172.25.0.0/16 list=local-networks + +/ip route add dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 gateway=172.25.177.175 routing-mark=via-vpn distance=1 comment="VPN-Smart-Route" disabled=yes + +/ip firewall mangle add chain=prerouting src-address=192.168.88.0/24 dst-address-list=!local-networks action=mark-routing new-routing-mark=via-vpn comment="VPN-Public-Only" disabled=yes +```